Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The chief goals are to preserve maternal safety, maintain … Sepsis during pregnancy - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. We report a 28-week pregnant patient with intracranial SOL who underwent craniotomy and excision of the lesion, subsequently diagnosed as cranial tuberculoma. One of the students was ended up being stabbed with a knife, authorities say. It is a special but relatively routine procedure. In the largest single, series exploring incidental surgeries during pregnancy, trimester-wise breakup is reported to be 42%, 35% and, 23% during the first, second and third, respectively, state, in-depth understanding of the physiological, changes and pharmacological adaptations to pregnancy, is required. with cleft palate and cardiac anomalies. having surgery during pregnancy, due both to premature birth and intrauterine growth retardation.8,10,15 The incidence of early infant death is also increased.8 Congenital malformations An important question to answer is whether exposure to anaesthesia and surgery during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital malformations. REHS provides comprehensive and professional health, safety, and environmental services to the entire university community. Intracranial tuberculoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial SOL in pregnant women with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure with or without neurological deficits, especially when they are from high incidence areas. default This makes the lower part of the body numb so you do not feel the pain of the operation … You will also be monitored closely for postnasal drip or a runny nose, which can be a sign that the patch to close the hole in the … 384 0 obj Close, monitoring of foetal responses for signs of distress is, experienced operator with an understanding of the. Department of Anaesthesia, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy posts additional concerns to anaesthesiologists. Acute cholecystitis occurs in 1–6 per 10,000 pregnancies and represents the second most frequent non-obstetric cause of abdominal pain requiring surgery during pregnancy [1,2,3].Previous literature estimates a cholecystectomy rate of 40% in … Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;103:138-57. efficacy during non-obstetric surgery is debatable, prophylactic tocolytics may be considered in the, third trimester for lower abdominal or pelvic surgery, agents may help relaxing the uterus, although high. The editors address the anxiety-provoking, but not uncommon, scenario of a woman learning that she is pregnant after diagnostic or therapeutic radiologic exposure, or alternately, requiring X-rays, magnetic resonance, radioisotopes, or ... Roughly 2% of women will have surgery during pregnancy… Or aft. For orthopaedic surgery – usually 4 weeks In pregnancy – during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks following delivery (dependent on level of risk) For medical prophylaxis – usually discontinued on discharge but may continue for several weeks (licensed for up to 14 days). these seven patients, still occurred before 36 weeks. (i) simple diffusion e.g., paracetamol, midazolam; (ii) facilitated diffusion e.g., glucocorticoids. Use text/rtf/doc/pdf files. CUSTOMER SERVICE: Change of address (except Japan): 14700 Citicorp Drive, Bldg. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease reaching epidemic proportions around the world. The eighth iteration of the American College of Chest Physicians Antithrombotic Guidelines presented, in a paper version, a narrative evidence summary and rationale for the recommendations, a small number of evidence profiles summarizing bodies of evidence, and some articles with quite extensive summary tables of primary studies. This book is written by experts with clinical expertise on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of women with cancer during pregnancy. It provides a comprehensive review of data and an overview of psychological, ethical, and social aspects. xmp.did:AC75429E0D20681180838482651088B3 As we have promissed here is the edited video from the 36 y/o pregnant lady, 30th week, with acute cholecystitis - Several details must be stressed to better undertand our strategy of minimizing trauma and anesthesia for both mother and baby: A- We did a generous infiltrtion at umbilical site and also at every mini- trocar site before insertion (it can be well … All gastrointestinal (GI) disorders can present during pregnancy, and in fact 0.2% to 1.0% of all pregnant women require non-obstetrical general surgery. 2001 … ☆☆☆☆☆ 5/5 “ We evacuated to St. Augustine during a hurricane when I was 41 weeks pregnant. All of the clinical decision-making skills of the experienced surgeon must come into play in order to make the correct therapeutic decisions when evaluating the pregnant patient with a GI disorder that potentially requires surgery. barbiturates, propofol, opioids, muscle relaxants, and local anaesthetics have been widely used during. HIV and Abdominal Surgery. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Data were analysed using R (version 2.12.1), considering p < 0.05 as significant. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701]/Type/Page>> As a general rule, initial therapy for acute MI is directed toward restoration of perfusion as soon as possible to salvage as much of the jeopardized myocardium as possible. Surg Endosc 2008;22:1917-27. The act of performing surgery may be called a […] Training as a GP (between three and four more years, depending on when training started). » Orthopaedic » Others » Paramedic Services » Pathology » Pediatrics » Pharmaceutical » Physiotherapy » Radiology » Reproductive Systems » Surgery Medical Notes » Aids » Allergy » Alternative Medicine » Arthritis » Blood » Cancer » Cardiology » Dental … Curr Opin Anesthesiol 2006;19:238-43. umbilical blood flow on fetal oxygenation. Frequency of micturition 113. The most common surgical disorders in pregnancy are appendicitis, cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, adnexal … According to a message from the Turlock Unified School District sent to parents about the incident, some sort of altercation had occurred between the two students. by Brigham and Women's Hospital. However, attention should be paid in selecting, antibiotics with good safety profile in pregnancy, course of antenatal glucocorticoids 24–48 h before, surgery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation can, reduce perinatal morbidity/mortality if preterm, birth occurs. Despite the potential benefits to the, foetus, however, antenatal glucocorticoids are, best avoided in the setting of systemic infection, (such as sepsis or a ruptured appendix), because, they may impair the ability of the maternal, College of Chest Physicians clinical practice, benefit to routine administration of prophylactic, of development of uterine contractions and, treatment of preterm labour until resolution of, the underlying, self-limited condition that may, Pregnant patients beyond 18–20 weeks of gestation, should be positioned with a 15° left lateral tilt, to reduce, aortocaval compression and supine hypotension, under the right hip. NSAIDs can also inhibit uterine contraction. In this chapter, readers will get a very brief overview of the different organ systems that play crucial role in homeostasis and how to modify the treatment when there’s an imbalance in either of these systems. Avoidance of potentially dangerous, drugs at critical times during foetal development and, maintenance of adequate uteroplacental perfusion, Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery during. Management of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy: A single-center experience 1Bora Barut, M.D., 2 Fatih Gönültaş, M.D.,1 Ali Fuat Kaan Gök, M.D., Tevfik Tolga Şahin, M.D.1 1Department of General Surgery, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya-Turkey 2Department of General Surgery, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul-Turke Surgical smoke should … Anaesthetic agents. In the multivariate logistic regression, the use of atosiban vs ritodrine does not play any role in delaying delivery after 48 h or 7 days, whereas the cervical change at the digital examination, high contractions pre/post-therapy ratio, pPROM, cervical length and fibronectin result as predictive factors for both delivery before 48 h or 7 days. There, is no definite evidence to show the teratogenicity of, any volatile anaesthetic. concentrations can cause undesirable hypotension. changes encountered during surgery and anaesthesia. Effects of hypercapnia on uterine and umbilical, circulations in conscious pregnant sheep. Dr T P Kingham. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Uterine hypertension, as occurs, reduction in the uteroplacental blood flow, Many studies have reported an increased incidence, of spontaneous abortion, premature labour, and, preterm delivery after non-obstetric surgery during, itself, manipulation of the uterus, or the underlying, condition of the patient, mainly sepsis. Found inside – Page 45Antiinflammatory medications, used to reduce swelling and pain in SAT, are also not used for patients with PPT or ST. ... for whom restoring adequate thyroid hormone levels may be beneficial for fertility and/or pregnancy outcomes.65 ... Breastfeeding Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female human breasts (i.e., via lactation) rather than using infant formula from a baby bottle or other container. Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes. Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy. Second, physiologic derangements such as, hypoxaemia, hypercarbia, stress and hypotension may, be teratogenic themselves. 3 When caring for pregnant women undergoing non-obstetric surgery, safe anaesthesia must be provided for both the mother and the child. The, chief goals are to preserve maternal safety, maintain the pregnant state and achieve the best, possible foetal outcome. Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world, accounting for 16 per cent of the global burden of disease. Varicose veins and haemorrhoids 116. When pregnant patients, require surgery the ‘two-in-one package’, comprising, of the patient herself and the unborn foetus, presents substantial anaesthetic challenges. The decision on proceeding with surgery should be made by multidisciplinary team involving, anaesthesiologists, obstetricians,surgeons and perinatologists. induced teratogenicity in rat embryos grown in culture. Faculty & Staff. Where feasible, surgery is often … Am J Obstet, Uterine and systemic hemodynamic interrelationships and their. In the last decade, operative laparoscopic procedures are performed increasingly in both gynecology and general surgery. Physical Exam. Found inside – Page 302stimulation of nonaffected thyroid tissue, resulting in worsening hyperthyroidism.8 The maternal and fetal effect of increased iodine supply in pregnant patients with TMGN/TA has not been well studied. The ATA recommends a lower iodine ... Responsible for anticipating, assessing and controlling risks posed by the handling and use of bacteria, viruses, potentially infectious human materials and … It will also help you to cope with labour and get back into shape after the birth.. Keep up your normal daily physical activity or exercise (sport, running, yoga, dancing, or even walking to the shops and back) for as long as you feel comfortable. Images should be submitted separately. Acute cholecystitis represents one common sequelae of increased cholelithiasis formation during pregnancy. Palliative Surgery. The prevalence of medication use during pregnancy is widespread and on the rise. Why is positioning important? As early as, 1977, one study showed that foetal mortality was 8.7%, when appendicitis occurred without perforation, but, risk for preterm labour is reported during the second, trimester and for surgeries that do not manipulate the, When premature labour occurs, tocolytics are. Prophylaxis against aspiration pneumonitis. anaesthesia. Regional nerve or plexus blockade or epidural analgesia, can provide excellent post-operative analgesia and, reduce the risk of opioid-induced hypoventilation, when compared with intravenous opioids. [ 2 ] endobj This section of the website provides medics with a huge library of free Surgery PPT presentations with topics like Surgeon, Surgery, Surgical Equipment, General Surgery and many other Surgery concepts and themes. Consent is your agreement for a doctor or healthcare professional to provide you with treatment, including any medical or surgical management, care, therapy, test or procedure. Surgical Complications of Pregnancy Dr.Z Allameh MD Symptoms May be asymptomatic 2.5-10% of pregnant patients (Maringhini et al 1987) RUQ Pain most reliable ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 5f42e3-YTUwM The impact on prognosis of estrogen receptor α positivity requires further evaluation. In the largest single series concerning surgery and anaesthesia during pregnancy, 42% of surgery during pregnancy occurred during the first trimester, 35% during the second trimester, and 23% during the third.3 When caring for pregnant The decision on proceeding with surgery should be made by multidisciplinary team involving anaesthesiologists, obstetricians,surgeons and perinatologists. Will general or local anaesthesia be needed and what are the associated risks of the chosen anaesthesia? However, in cases of failed intubation, laryngeal, mask airway has been used to ventilate successfully, brief periods. The major advantages of this newer minimally invasive approach are: decreased postoperative morbidity, less pain and decreased need for analgesics, early normal bowel function, sh … Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy Obstet Gynecol Surv. Provides an update on recommendations, guidelines and scenarios to help clinicians make correct and prompt diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Management of Medical Comorbidities in Maxillofacial Surgery, Manejo anestésico de la paciente de urgencia embarazada, Review of the management of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy, Anesthetic Management of the Pregnant Patient: Part 2, Management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pregnancy, Pregnancy and brain tumors; a systematic review of the literature, A case of spontaneous pneumothorax in first trimester妊娠初期に発症した自然気胸の1手術例, Anaesthetic management of a pregnant patient with intracranial space occupying lesion for craniotomy, Blood transfusion practices in obstetric anaesthesia, Executive Summary Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, The Placenta: Anatomy, Physiology, and Transfer of Drugs, Effects of Ketamine on the Pregnant Uterus, Gastric Emptying of Water in Obese Pregnant Women at Term, Reproductive Outcome After Anesthesia and Operation During Pregnancy: A Registry Study of 5405 Cases, Reproductive Outcome After Anesthesia and Operation During Pregnancy, Case Scenario: Anesthesia for Maternal-Fetal Surgery The Ex Utero Intrapartum Therapy (EXIT) Procedure, Induction of labor by acupuncture electro stimulation, Induction of Labor by Acupuncture Electro-Stimulation. persists until protective airway reflexes have returned. In order to avoid complications, it is important to ensure that balanced nutrition is maintained through dietary or supplements (under the advice of the doctor). During pregnancy, the thyroid gland increases in size by 10% in iodine replete countries but by 20% to 40% in areas of iodine deficiency. The anaesthetics were chosen among those with the highest safety profile, trying to reduce the risk of preterm labour and teratogenicity 26. Physiologic changes in pregnancy During pregnancy, maternal physiology undergoes pro-found changes. ABSTRACT: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Obstetric Practice acknowledges that the issue of nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy is an important concern for physicians who care for women.Because of the difficulty of conducting large-scale randomized clinical trials in this population, there are no data to allow for specific … Author Information. For example, how much pain will you have afterwards? 2017 AMI-STEMI; 2017 Valvular Heart Diseases; 2017 Dual Antiplatelet Therapy; 2015 Infective Endocarditis; 2014 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; 2013 Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Download the slide sets (ppt) 2021. The postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the 5th postoperative day. endstream from application/x-indesign to application/pdf Look for signs and symptoms, such as a bluish tint to the skin, lips, or fingernails and … The new 8th Edition provides a single place to look for the most recent and most trustworthy recommendations on quality care of pregnant women, their fetuses, and their neonates. 29. Breastfeeding ppt 1. Anaesthesiologist must consider the effects of the disease process itself and inhibit, uterine contractions and avoid preterm labour and delivery. In general, the fundal height presents at predictable locations throughout the advancing pregnancy. Found inside – Page 101(DR-3,.DR-4,.and.DR-5),.and. strict. association. with. ATA. (TPOAb). titer.. In. particular,. women. with. detectable. TPOAb.at.the.beginning.of.pregnancy.have.up.to.50%.probability.to.develop.PPT,.as. compared.to.0.5%.of. Physical activity. With the changing demographic in India, the profile of Indian patient has undergone a sea change in the last few decades. Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for the progression of DR. Baseline DR at the onset of pregnancy is an important indicator of progression, with up to 10% of women with baseline NPDR progressing to PDR. Found inside – Page 210The two main causes of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are HT and previously treated Graves' disease. ... The symptoms of PPT are therefore often attributed to the general symptoms experience post-partum and the condition missed. The incidence of infants born alive but dying within 168 hours also was increased. Mr Zeev Duieb GP Dinner presentation 06 Au gust 2013 @6.30pm Clover Cottage Colorectal Cancer Surgery Suite 9, 1st Floor, 50 Kangan Drive Berwick Ph 9709 6666 St J of G Suite 4 Gibb St Berwick 3806 Ph 9768 9331 Colorectal Surgeon Monash Health. Specific diseases occur more often in certain trimesters, so consideration of the gestational age facilitates diagnosis ( Table 2).Moreover, an awareness of the physiological alterations of hepatobiliary function that occur during pregnancy … At present, developmental impairments represent the main cause of perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity. This book comprises 50 thought-provoking and relevant topics, reviewing carefully selected papers to update the readers on what has been published in the last decade. 50 key papers cover the most relevant studies from a wide range of topics ... Presenting symptoms of surgical diseases are often similar in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Indian J Anaesth 2010;54:421-7. operation during pregnancy: A registry study of 5405 cases. This was successful in 21 cases. There are numerous reports in the literature of successful maternal and fetal outcomes after surgery for life-threatening cardiac and neurologic diseases [10,11]. In conclusion, our survey of general surgery residents and program directors of Canadian training programs has highlighted several important issues pertaining to pregnancy during residency, particularly regarding the importance of having a maternity/parenting policy in place. During an age where orders needed to be heard over the din of a storm, the Boatswain's Call was the best way forward. 2014 Nov 5. 242 0 obj The pattern of uterine contractions induced in these patients was similar to that in normal labor. a cost-effective method and should be offered to, all verbally consenting females of childbearing, potential. Maternal adverse drug effects were significantly more frequent in patients treated with ritodrine, and one single case of pulmonary oedema was observed. Hemangioblastoma can be found throughout the central nervous system and usually present with late manifestations due to their slow growth rate. should we be using? George RB, Melnick AH, Rose EC, Habib AS. Pregnancy and general surgery residency. Erwin, Andrea M. PhD, RN. and utm_medium=email and utm_source=federalregister. Research has shown that laparoscopic surgery can improve the chance of pregnancy and reduce pain. requires the removal of the pregnancy categories A, B, C, D and X from all human prescription drug and, requires that the labeling includes a summary of the. Korean dating reality show 2021, meaning of the word carbon dating, joe coffee gay street gay book and Are in it eddie richie. Introduction. During pregnancy, gestational diabetes requires treatment to normalize maternal blood glucose levels to avoid complications in the infant. This will allow resolution of physiological, following surgery is reported as 5.8%, increasing to. If asked you have noticed your hands and feet have become more swollen. It is also the most common non-obstetric reason for surgery during pregnancy, Dr. Cheng said. Gay cuộc sống logan ury dating tendencies, kenny stowton gay what does oprah's friend gayle do. Most concerns regarded anaesthetic drugs and patient positioning. Feb 2, 2009 198 2 226. We retrospectively sampled data on 380 women hospitalised for TPL (24-35 weeks' gestation), in our clinic between 2004 and 2007. The more active and fit you are during pregnancy, the easier it will be for you to adapt to your changing shape and weight gain. Adverse outcomes examined were the incidences of (1) congenital anomalies, (2) stillborn infants, (3) infants dead at 168 hours, and (4) infants with very low and low birth weights. Be Better. particularly of the airway and respiratory system, because most severe anaesthetic complications due, to hypoventilation or airway obstruction occur during, Provision of adequate analgesia is important in the, post-operative period as well, since the pain has. Once they repair the perforation, it should be ok for the pregnancy. response to hypoxia. These changes begin after conception and affect every organ system in the body. A total of forty-three articles were selected. Acute cholecystitis represents one common sequelae of increased cholelithiasis formation during pregnancy. Constipation 112. IBD and Pregnancy. Historically, there has been a reluctance to operate on pregnant women based on concerns for teratogenesis, pregnancy loss, or preterm birth. 10+ Year Member. Are there any possible risks? Alternatively, EXIT procedures can be performed using neuraxial, anaesthesia with intravenous nitroglycerine to, While dealing with non-obstetric surgery or, some maternal procedures during pregnancy, anaesthesiologist is dealing with “two clients in one”, scenario, where the safety of both is very important, and challenging. burnetii (5). Download Pregnancy PowerPoint templates (ppt) and Google Slides themes to create awesome presentations. However, be appropriate to provide judicious pre-operative, anxiolysis so as to avoid increases in circulating, catecholamine levels, which impair uteroplacental, Most other anaesthetic medications, including. Blood transfusion is an essential component of emergency obstetric care and appropriate blood transfusion significantly reduces maternal mortality. endobj In most cases, the risk decreases as the brain matures. No serious fetal or maternal complications occurred. Br J Anaesth, Effects on maternal and fetal circulations at term. Blood loss and assessment of its correct requirement are difficult in pregnancy due to physiological changes and comorbid conditions. The diagnosis requires a proper neurologic exploration and the support of imaging studies. In the UK, current training for GPs includes: Medical school (five years). ‘Top-Off’ at Outpatient Surgery Center Read More marks construction milestone College of Medicine opens $8.8 million Surgical Innovation & Training Laboratory Read More. Safety of both the mother and the foetus in utero is the prime objective while delivering anaesthesia services during these emergency surgical procedures. Presents different imaging modalities to detect acute abdomen pathologies during pregnancy, focusing especially on the detection of rare pathologies. Pregnancy and motherhood during surgical training: Results of a nationwide survey. First, it releases general ward and ICU beds, increasing capacity for patients infected with COVID-19. Premeal glucose, mg/dL <140* Random glucose, mg/dL <180* Q3. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This will reduce the size of the file. Risk Factors - Sleep Apnea. Previous venous thromboembolism (VTE) : pregnancy is a pro-thrombotic state, therefore, women who have previously developed a venous thromboembolism are at significantly increased risk of developing further VTEs without … The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy." This is often condensed to: "The dose makes the poison." So, why are we overtly anxious about intoxications?In fact, poisons became a global problem with the industrial revolution. The incidence of primary brain tumors during pregnancy is uncommon. What’s the difference between operation and surgery? The Spartan Way: Eat Better. Parameter . UpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology and Hypertension, Neurology, … There are different types of anesthesia that can be used for surgery or during labor and delivery. From acute conditions that had little impact on subsequent health of the patient, we have arrived at a scenario where a large proportion of patients present with chronic disorders like diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, etc. First, the background incidence, of congenital anomalies in humans is approximately, 3%. It is estimated that about 1 in 50 (2%) of women require surgery during pregnancy. Jadon A, Bagai R. Blood transfusion practices in obstetric. Elective surgery. Donor must have a normal temperature, pulse and blood pressure. The advantages include smaller incisions, decreased pain, less need for analgesics, and. Review on dental management of pregnant patient, No public clipboards found for this slide, Management of pregnant patients in oral surgery, Hell-Bent: Obsession, Pain, and the Search for Something Like Transcendence in Competitive Yoga, Fix Your Body, Fix Your Swing: The Revolutionary Biomechanics Workout Program Used by Tour Pros, Krav Maga: An Essential Guide to the Renowned Method--for Fitness and Self-Defense, Convict Conditioning: How to Bust Free of All Weakness-Using the Lost Secrets of Supreme Survival Strength, 7 Minutes to Fit: 50 Anytime, Anywhere Interval Workouts, 8 Weeks to SEALFIT: A Navy SEAL's Guide to Unconventional Training for Physical and Mental Toughness-Revised Edition, Bountiful, Beautiful, Blissful: Experience the Natural Power of Pregnancy and Birth with Kundalini Yoga and Meditation. concepts. Gynecologists’ Committee on Obstetric Practice, regardless of trimester, pregnant woman should not, technique(s), and the selection of appropriate drugs of, anaesthesia should be guided by maternal indications. Education of the patient about surgery, anesthesia, … Both ephedrine and, phenylephrine are currently considered safe and, effective vasopressors during pregnancy for control of, Because foetal haemoglobin has a high affinity for, oxygen, transient decreases in maternal oxygenation, prolonged or significant maternal hypoxaemia leads, to uteroplacental vasoconstriction, reduced perfusion, and subsequent in foetal hypoxaemia, acidosis, and, uterine artery vasoconstriction compromising uterine, reduced uterine blood flow and can eventually trigger, foetal acidosis. pregnancy for procedures such as intracranial, therapeutic interventions. Until date, no anaesthetic drug has been shown to be clearly dangerous to the human foetus.
general surgery during pregnancy ppt 2021