strategic studies and security studies

However, deducing tactical lessons from ancient battles was a potentially disastrous exercise. However, the work of Edward Luttwak (1976) on the grand strategy of the Roman Empire demonstrated that strategic/security analysts could expand the range of their inquiries and profitably tap ancient history as well. The Cuban missile crisis retains its appeal (Allison & Zelikow, 1999), whereas the Vietnam War occupies a special place within the strategic/security analyses of the Cold War (Walton, 2002). The historical approach was one of his preferred tools. Friedman (eds. Phase I, crafted based on the vision of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is an NDU-wide "Foundations of Strategic Leadership." For instance, instead of attributing the cumbersome logistics system of the 18th century to the particular conditions of the period (Clausewitz, 1989:516), Jomini simply viewed it as an error induced by inadequate thinking and prejudice (Gat, 2001:124). a) A four-year bachelor’s degree with a grade point average of at least 3.40 on a four-point scale. An annual series of events involving external speakers is complemented by our regular hosting of events to discuss, review and comment on work in progress by cluster members and postgraduate research students. At the same time, the whole field kept broadening its focus to cover overall military strategy and grand strategy, that is, returning to the Thucydidean archetype that had been rarely heard of after Polybius. The M.A. It featured a healthy dose of historical approach, dealing with figures such as Vauban and Frederick the Great. From this point on, the concept of national security became central to US policy: World War II gave rise to the era of national security. About School of Internal Security, Defence and Strategic Studies. Answer: Strategic studies is the academic study of the use of military force, and is a subset of international relations. One can treat the terms “security studies” and “strategic studies” as synonymous and as pertaining to the study of the interaction of policy ends with military and other means under conditions of actual or potential conflict. As the Cold War was drawing to its close and the Soviet Union was collapsing, it was widely proclaimed that a new era had arrived in domestic and international political affairs, rendering historical experience obsolete. Interest in classical strategic theory remains lively. Moreover, this broadness applies not only to the subject matter of the field, but to its time span as well. The intellectual coherence of strategic studies increases with linkage to the military core, but institutional status and legitimacy grow with distance from it. Jomini enjoyed a long life (1779–1869) and his prolific pen earned him world fame. Still, the historical approach was never completely shelved. 10 Strategic Studies and Security Studies, the intellectual and institutional status of strategy is confused by persistent lack of consensus on how much attention military aspects of security should get and where lines should be drawn between narrow … Strategic studies. Security and strategic studies is an interdisciplinary academic field centered on the study of conflict and peace strategies, often devoting special attention to the relationship between international politics, geostrategy, international diplomacy, international economics, and military power. The last decade of the Cold War witnessed a renewed interest in conventional warfare, which in turn boosted the employment of the historical approach on strategic/security studies. Security and Strategic Studies. This book will be of great interest to all students and scholars of strategic studies, war studies, international relations and globalization. On the other hand, Clausewitz (1989:157–158) is quick to point out that a theoretical assertion is not necessarily proved incorrect merely because a contrary example has been found. Strategic Studies and International Law MSc. You currently have JavaScript disabled in your web browser, please enable JavaScript to view our website as intended. For instance, it all but dominated the study of civil–military relations. Strategic Studies and Energy Security MSc. First, it cultivated an attitude of healthy skepticism toward ancient sources. Finally, Clausewitz (1989:582–594) provides a sweeping historical sociology of war from ancient times to his own era, not neglecting to include the Eurasian nomads. Secure an offer (conditional or unconditional) of a place on the programme. However, he immediately (1989:173–174) went on to qualify this assertion by pointing out that remote historical examples may still prove useful if their analysis does not depend on detailed knowledge. Moreover, George Quester (1966) produced one of the first works to treat air power and deterrence in a historically conscious manner. Guerrilla warfare was another subject featuring fine works using the historical approach (Laqueur, 1998). In either case, military history was considered an integral part of the curriculum (Black, 2004:186–188, 190–192). Within security studies, a stream developed that focused on military strategy, particularly on nuclear weapons. Still, even though one ought to be cautious in attributing modern thoughts and practices to historical political and military leaders (Howard, 1983:191–192), it is indeed justifiable to use modern strategic terminology to explain the past and test theoretical assumptions with general application (Gray, 1990:334); the historians may disapprove, but the aim of strategic/security studies can be well served. This Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree brings together European and international partners to provide an integrated study programme engaging with theoretical, empirical and applied approaches to security, intelligence and strategy. The research question of this project is: How will SCW change the Global Nuclear Order? Still, the overall picture was fairly disappointing: the historical approach of the “golden age” nuclear strategists basically amounted to invocation of hackneyed analogies of the outbreak of World War I and the Pearl Harbor attack. orfonline J&K: Not letting an ‘internal affair’ become ‘external’ Oct 27, 2021. Government support helped turn strategic studies into a field in its own right, and it’s future looked bright. On this Double MA Security Studies you will spend year two in Moscow, where you can elect to take a Russian course (this can be a beginner's course). Julian Corbett, the other great naval strategist of the period, was also an unambiguous case of a historically conscious strategic/security analyst. The Division of Security and Strategic Studies was established to provide informed policy advice to government and enlightenment to the public on security and defense matters. The Forum for Strategic & Security Studies, an Independent , non-profit making and a non-political institution is designed to provide a platform for research, analysis, option formulation and evaluation of national security policies of, and security relationships between, states, particularly those in South Asia and the Asia Pacific region. The Florentine statesman drew upon a wealth of examples from ancient Roman and contemporary Italian and European history in order to come up with useful generalizations in political and military matters. The novelty of nuclear weapons was arguably a valid reason for that, although the fascination with the technical aspects of those weapons and the tendency to resort to abstract thinking was carried too far (Trachtenberg, 1991:3–46). This is because in modern historical examples conditions remain similar to the present ones, and also because modern history has still retained some important minor elements and details that are always bound to be lost with the passage of time (Clausewitz, 1989:173). For tertiary students. 3. The ISSS has a series of affiliated postgraduate taught programmes that reflect the diversity of research and teaching expertise within the research group. The most obvious one is the facile recourse to historical analogies. More Frequent and Longer Lasting Heat Waves. This definition means that security/strategic studies can be a fairly broad field. Among others, this was reflected in the appearance of historically informed works on grand strategy (Kaiser, 1990; Kennedy, 1991). This book presaged the emergence of strategic studies as an academic discipline, by and large independent from the earlier domination of military institutions. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Thesis-based program. The development and deployment of SCW raise questions about how we think about nuclear risk, and especially for deterrence strategy, Mutually Assured Destruction, arms racing and arms control, escalation and crisis management, and how to prevent nuclear weapons from being used again. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. It gives students a detailed overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes and most significant issues within security studies. This was an idea that would be institutionalized within American government and popularized in wider society. The historical approach to the study of military affairs was not an exclusively Western phenomenon. Divided into four parts, the text provides students with a detailed, accessible overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes, and most significant issues within security studies. A typical example of the institutionalization of the study of war that took place during the second half of the 19th century was the work of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen (1931), chief of the German General Staff from 1891 until 1905. International Security and Security Studies are the most prominent journals dedicated specifically … These events and issues have also been of the greatest international and academic interest, with much study generated. The choice of articles is based on an effort to provide a. English/British history offered Mahan a ready-made case of the benefits of sea power. This definition means that security/strategic studies can be a … As regards the subjects of specific case studies, it is no accident that powerful historical actors command the greatest attention. Find the best colleges and universities in offering Master of Arts in Strategic Studies and Security Studies in Kenya. School of Internal Security, Defence and Strategic Studies (SISDSS) The School of Internal Security, Defence and Strategic Studies (SISDSS) carries out academic, research and training programs in the field of defence, strategy, and security studies. This five-year program is designed to prepare Ph.D. students for rigorous, policy-relevant research on the major threats to international and national security and the relevant strategies, institutions, and capabilities that will be needed to confront … These aspects of the study of international relations – the desire to prevent global conflict, understand peace and war, and make sense of states’ competing pursuits of power – show that international security was a major focus of the discipline. The link was not copied. Critical security advocates also claim that strategic studies’ understanding of power and security is predominantly materialist (Klein 1994, 75; Buzan 2012, 2, 3, 8; Williams 2007, 8–21; Buzan and Hansen 2009, 2, 37). 6. International Security Studies post-Cold War: the traditionalists. Security Studies. The Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS) is self-described as "a U.S. Department of Defense institution established and funded by Congress for the study of security issues relating to Africa and serving as a forum for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, and exchange of ideas involving military and civilian participants.". The benefit of hindsight is often a true benefit because it may be the only way for the critics to rise above the situation and pinpoint mistakes (which they themselves would undoubtedly have committed, too). Adam Elkus wrote a follow-up article elaborating on the differences and identifying ways that the fields could find common ground. The Middle East Program heads CSIS’s work on the region, which analyzes a wide range of political, security, and socioeconomic issues related to the Middle East and North Africa, with special attention to the ways that changes in the Middle East and … Even Maurice de Saxe (1943), who pointed out that historically minded treatises on war make for pleasant reading but often neglect the nuts and bolts of the military profession, used his fair share of historical examples. The notion of national security, being a broader concept than military defence, provided a way to understand the danger posed by Hitler, whose military forces did not pose an immediate physical threat to America. A similar approach is followed regarding terrorism and counterterrorism (Alexander, 2006). Start your application . References updated and expanded. As to Corbett’s book on the Seven Years’ War, this is a historical case study in much the same vein as the studies prescribed by Clausewitz: concrete, thorough, and theoretically informed, although admittedly too remote in time to fulfil Clausewitz’s contemporaneousness criteria. In the first, Corbett gave precise definitions and made a systematic analysis of several key concepts of naval strategy. But only after the United States formally entered the war did national security become an organizing principle for a new, complex bureaucracy. https://le.ac.uk/politics/research/intelligence-security-and-strategic-studies Corbett was both influential and controversial during his own time, but nowadays his star is deservedly in the ascendant (Gat, 2001:480–493; Handel, 2001). security and strategic studies mutually overlapped in the Cold War times. However, Liddell Hart was not at all rigorous or consistent in his conceptualization of the indirect approach; the result is that virtually every victory in history is somehow attributed to the victor’s “indirect approach,” while the term itself is stretched amorphous. This provocative book clearly demonstrates the importance of a sound strategic theory if America is to survive in an age of high arms technology and increased world tensions. 5. However, their focus was less on long-term notions of international security and more on national security. Still, it is asserted that grand strategy (“the logic of conflict”), military strategy (“the nature of war”), or even operational art (“the art of the general”) are fundamentally timeless in character, hence a historical approach is essential for their understanding (Napoleon, 1943:236; Fuller, 1970a:15; Thucydides, 1972:I 22; Liddell Hart, 1991:3–6; Fuller, 1998:7; Gray, 1999). It gives students a detailed overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes and most significant issues within security studies. Moreover, Thucydides (1972:I 82, II 18, II 62) offered a sophisticated treatment of many strategic concepts such as coercion and command of the sea. Security Studies is the most comprehensive textbook available on security studies. The historical approach was the cornerstone of Machiavelli’s work (2003, 2005, 2008). Peace and Conflict Studies MSc. Focusing on contemporary challenges, this major new Handbook offers a wide-ranging collection of cutting-edge essays from leading scholars in the field of Security Studies. Beginning with a narrow understanding of security as about the threat, use and control of military, and especially nuclear, force in Strategic Studies in the Cold War, the (I)SS story emphasises a shift over time from empirical This is the definitive explanation of how America came to be so badly ensnared in an elaborate, factional, and seemingly interminable conflict in South Asia. Strategic Studies The Strategic Studies theme is a vibrant and diverse multidisciplinary group of scholars interested in various dimensions and implications of the political utility of force. Martin van Creveld used the historical approach to produce highly readable, informative, and occasionally controversial books on command, military technology, and the future of war (van Creveld, 1987, 1989, 1991). His argument was that a thorough, accurate, and objective examination of a seminal historical event is bound to increase one’s understanding of human nature and consequently of political and strategic affairs. Security and Strategic Studies This module considers the complex relationship between politics, strategy and security. Unlike most standard textbooks, the volume also offers a wide range of case studies – including chapters on the USA, China, the Middle East, Russia, Africa, the Arctic, the Middle East, Europe and Latin America – providing detailed ... Ken Booth, once a strategic analyst then a scholar of security studies later, claims that the end of Cold War symbolizes an end of Strategic Studies because in the Post-Cold War period, the Strategic Studies has yielded its way to the security Studies due to wide-spread of security concerns in the world society nowadays (Booth, 1994: 109-119). This new Handbook gathers together state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research by a group of leading international scholars in the subdiscipline of Critical Security Studies. You will have the opportunity to develop a foundation for strategic thinking and problem-solving competencies that are absolutely indispensable to solving highly complex security … This was a boon for security studies and resulted in a distinctive research focus within it which would grow to become the field of strategic studies. Schlieffen became fascinated by the double envelopment effected by Hannibal’s Carthaginians against the numerically superior Romans at the battle of Cannae (216 bce). The project will provide the first systematic study of SCW and associated technologies, make the case for a paradigmatic shift in nuclear studies, and set the stage for a complete rethinking of the global nuclear order. Strategic, Defence & Security Studies. Routledge, 2013. … Clausewitz (1989:172–174), a man noted for his critical attitude, commends the attempt of one of those writers, the French Marquis de Feuquières, to “teach the art of war entirely by historical examples” and expresses gratitude for the results of Feuquières’s historical research; still, Clausewitz claimed that the Frenchman ultimately failed in his mission. for Strategic Studies Studies in International Security Hedley Bull: HEDLEY BULL ON ARMS CONTROL James Cable: GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY, 1919-1979 Donald C. Daniel: ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE AND SUPERPOWER STRATEGIC STABILITY Paul Dibb: THE SOVIET UNION: The Incomplete Superpower Lawrence Freedman: THE EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR STRATEGY Another pitfall to be avoided is excessive lack of empathy for the strategic decision makers of the past. Waltz, K., Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis, New York: Columbia University Press 1959. As to other “golden age” strategists, Thomas Schelling (1966), a typical example of that era, did use illustrative historical examples in his analysis and openly recommended the reading of Thucydides and Caesar to those in search of ideas. Students will have the opportunity to develop critical thinking and analytic skills through studying courses such as International Law: A Time of Challenges and Global Security Issues. It also observes that security and strategic studies mutually be related in the cold war times. The relatively substantial overlapping of strategic studies and security during the cold war was caused mainly by a relatively limited scope of security studies. The Division of Security and Strategic Studies was established to provide informed policy advice to government and enlightenment to the public on security and defense matters. Its objectives are to: The project employs a multi-methods approach of semi-structured interviews, an innovative War Game exercise, as well as archival research and Regional Feedback Workshops. The Roosevelt Administration and the foreign policy establishment, including these scholars, saw the need to go to war with Germany in the late 1930s but much of the public was reluctant. Critical security advocates commonly portray strategic studies as crippled by its narrow focus on Cold War-era military issues, as state-centric and as Western-centric. Although sea power is clearly not the only road to international greatness, Mahan’s historically minded analysis of the subject has generally been vindicated. The second edition of Strategic Studies: A Reader brings together key essays on strategic theory by some of the leading contributors to the field. This revised volume contains several new essays and updated introductions to each section. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Clausewitz defined critical analysis as the application of theoretical truths to actual events. The much awaited flagship programme of the Department i.e. The study of security and strategic studies at the bachelor level enables students to identify and to understand the main problems and topics of contemporary approaches to security and strategy. It has been correctly pointed out that Schlieffen’s analysis often did “violence to the facts” (van Creveld, 1989:5), thus demonstrating once again the difficulty of finding a single compelling “meta-narrative” in military history and strategic/security analysis. This edited volume explores and analyses strategic thinking, military reform and adaptation in an era of Asian growth, European austerity and US rebalancing. ( Log Out /  This is the first in a projected series of volumes of essays selected from World Politics, a journal of international relations sponsored by the Center of International Studies at Princeton University. This literature grew from the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce) onward (Black, 2004:90). The Cold War challenge to national security. Apart from that, Mahan exaggerated the economic impact of the various British naval blockades. The Napoleonic Wars are the chief sources of examples, of course, but Jomini also draws from ancient, medieval, and early modern history. According to Clausewitz (1989:171), historical examples can be used in four possible ways: (1) to explain an idea (abstract exposition being too dreary), (2) to show the application of an idea, (3) to support a statement (in this case, they merely have to prove that some phenomena or effects are indeed possible), and (4) to deduce a doctrine (by a detailed presentation of a historical event). However, although his historical approach served his analysis extremely well in matters of politics and grand strategy, it seems that his admiration of the Roman Republic and his desire to promote the civic and republican spirit among his fellow citizens led him astray with regard to tactical matters. With your own genius enlightened by this study you will reject all maxims opposed to those of these great commanders.”. However, from quite early on, China also produced a considerable corpus of military literature that combined theoretical insights on tactics and strategy with historical examples. (Political Science and the MPA in that it offers nine (9) full Courses, two (2) half Courses, and a thesis. Beginning with Thucydides, and continuing with such luminaries as Vegetius, Clausewitz, Delbrück, and Corbett, the historical approach to strategic/security studies has provided the field with some of its most brilliant treatises. This trend, benefiting from advances in the technique of using case studies for theory development, involved greater theoretical sophistication, more rigorous terminology, and explicit testing of theoretical hypotheses. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber-security, national security, strategic studies, The grand strategy of Israel, a state that arguably makes a highly efficient use of its resources, has also been analyzed with a historical approach (Maoz, 2006). In Mahan’s analysis, there is almost always a “clever” admiral who dutifully applies Jomini’s principles and wins, and a “stupid” admiral who duly commits every conceivable mistake (divides his fleet, lacks offensive spirit, etc.) Among the causes pinpointed by these studies are perceptions of threat or of military advantage, power considerations, and more mundane concerns such as territorial disputes (Van Evera, 1999; Senese & Vasquez, 2008). Shortly after that, the world witnessed the advent of nuclear weapons. This book is essential reading for upper-level students of Critical Security Studies, and an important resource for students of International/Global Security, Political Theory and International Relations. HCSS conducts research on geopolitical and defence & security issues for governments, international institutions and businesses. In the case of IR its academic origins lie in the response to World War One, as a reflection, mediate but engaged, on why the efforts of diplomats, lawyers, peace campaigners, industrialists, feminists, working-class leaders and the rest, were unable to stop the slaughter of 1914-18. This edited volume addresses one of the most significant issues in international strategic studies today: how to meet the challenge of a rising China? Things are less clear as regards Mahan’s teachings on naval strategy. This book takes stock, twenty years on: is cyber war really coming? Has war indeed entered the fifth domain? Cyber War Will Not Take Place cuts through the hype and takes a fresh look at cyber security. and loses. The world stands on the cusp of a major transformation in nuclear affairs. The third volume of the collection assembles the essential thinking on the business of counterintelligence. Volume IV, meanwhile, brings together the best work on the vital question of intelligence accountability. It may be said that the trend of historical approach that began with Machiavelli, or even with Vegetius, reached its culmination with the work of the Swiss baron Antoine Henri de Jomini. Having failed the first round at the UN Security Council (UNSG), Pakistan continues to seek internationalising the ‘Kashmir issue’, this… About us We are building up a community to study, share and discuss about strategic and intelligence issues. Ardant du Picq attributed primary value to morale as a means to success in battle; moral superiority could overcome greater destructive power. Military Legal Studies. First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. 'Contemporary Security Studies' introduces students to the broad range of issues that dominate the security agenda in the 21st century and provides up-to-date coverage of traditional and non-traditional threats to survival. 2. The field of security studies is related to strategic studies and military science, both of which are frequently published in security studies journals. Vision To emerge as a premier world class academic institution of innovative teaching and research in the arena of Strategic, Security and Peace Studies. He is a graduate of the Defense & Strategic Studies Department at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad.